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Newar ( ''(unicode:Newāh Bhāy)'') is also known as Nepal Bhasa () and Newari.〔"Some people in Newar community, including some prominent Newar linguists, consider the derivation suffix ''-i'' found in the term Newari to constitute an "Indianization" of the language name. These people thus hold the opinion that the term Newari is non-respectful of Newar culture." Carol Genetti, ''A Grammar of Dolakha Newar''〕 Newar is spoken today as a native language by the Newar people, the indigenous inhabitants of Nepal Mandala, which consists of the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding regions. Outside Nepal, Newar is spoken in India, particularly in Sikkim, where it is one of eleven official languages. Although "Nepal Bhasa" literally means "Nepalese language", the language is not the same as Nepali ((ネパール語:नेपाली)), the country's current official language. The two languages belong to different language families (Sino-Tibetan and Indo-Aryan, respectively), though centuries of contact have resulted in a significant body of shared vocabulary. Newar was Nepal's administrative language from the 14th to the late 18th centuries. Since the beginning of the 20th century, Newar has suffered from official suppression. During the period 1952 to 1991, the percentage of the population in the Kathmandu Valley speaking Newar dropped from 75% to 44%, and Newar culture and language are under threat. The language has been listed as being "definitely endangered" by UNESCO. ==Name== The earliest occurrences of the name ''Nepālabhāṣā'' (or ''Nepālavāc'') can be found in the manuscripts of (a commentary to the ''Nāradasaṃhitā'' ), dated 1380 AD, and (a commentary to the ''Amarkośa'' ), dated 1386 AD.〔Tuladhar, Prem Shanti (2000). ''Nepal Bhasa Sahityaya Itihas: The History of Nepalbhasa Literature.'' Kathmandu: Nepal Bhasa Academy. ISBN 99933-56-00-X. Page 10.〕〔 Page 1.〕 Since then, the name has been used widely on inscriptions, manuscripts, documents and books. In the 1920s, the name of the language known as Khas Kura, Gorkhali or Parbatiya was changed to Nepali,〔Lienhard, Siegfried (1992). ''Songs of Nepal: An Anthology of Nevar Folksongs and Hymns.'' New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas. ISBN 81-208-0963-7. Page 3.〕 and the language began to be officially referred to as Newari while the Newars continued using the original term. Conversely, the term Gorkhali in the former national anthem entitled "Shreeman Gambhir" was changed to Nepali in 1951. On 8 September 1995, following years of lobbying to use the old name, the government decided that the name Nepal Bhasa should be used instead of Newari. However, the decision was not implemented, and on 13 November 1998, the Minister of Information and Communication issued another directive to use the name Nepal Bhasa instead of Newari. However, the Central Bureau of Statistics has not been doing so. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Newar language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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